The agbada formation of fluvial delta and marine facies, mainly comprised of. Producing formation sand with well fluids can have adverse effects on the long term productivity of a well. The akata formation, of paleocene to recent age, grades imperceptibly upwards into the agbada. Both structural and stratigraphy traps are common in the basin doust and omatsola, 1990. The niger delta basin is characterized with shale diapirs, growth faults and associated rollover anticlines.
Sedimentary architecture models of deepwater turbidite. The traps, structure and stratigraphy are not easy to. Formation evaluation of an onshore oil field, niger delta. Use available geologic and geophysical dataset from the study area and published literatures to determine the prevailing structural regime within the deepwater western niger delta. Structural and stratigraphic mapping of delta field. The niger delta basin, also referred to as the niger delta province, is an extensional rift basin located in the niger delta and the gulf of guinea on the passive continental margin near the western coast of nigeria with suspected or proven access to cameroon, equatorial guinea and sao tome and principe.
Geochemical investigation of potential source rocks for agbada formation, osioka south area, western niger delta, nigeria. As rivers flow toward their outlets from higher elevations, they deposit mud, silt, sand, and gravel particles at the mouths where rivers and larger, more sedentary bodies of water meet. The oldest formations palaeoceneeocene in the niger delta form an arcuate exposure belt along the delta frame. Oct 23, 2007 a model to simulate the time evolution of river delta formation process is presented.
The niger delta is a vast lowlying region through which the waters of. From the eocene to the present, the delta has prograded southwestward, forming depobelts that represent the most active portion of the delta at each stage of its development doust and omatsola, 1990. Introduction the concept of biozonation is very important in biostratigraphy stratigraphy and it buttress the facts that organisms that are. From the eocene to the present, the delta has prograded southwest ward, forming depobelts that represent the most active portion of the delta at each. Petroleum in the niger delta is produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands predominantly in the agbada formation. The niger delta is africas most important oilproducing region, and one of the most polluted places on earth. The formation of niger delta basin was initiated in the early tertiary time. The spdc standard has it that the base of afam clay formation, is the sequence boundary l0. Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of well 5.
The massive sands were deposited in continental environment comprising the fluvial realms braided and meandering systems of the upper delta plain. The high command of the niger delta avengers wishes to bring to the notice of the international community and the general public that there is no such militant group with the nomenclature, reformed niger delta avengers. Niger delta geographical region, africa britannica. Course manual and atlas of structural styles on reflection profiles from the. The niger delta clastic wedge formed along a failed arm of a triple junction system aulacogen that originally developed during break up of the south american and african plates in the late jurassic burke et al. The niger delta is divided into three formations, representing prograding depositional facies that are distinguished mostly on the basis of sandshale ratios. The third cycle, from eocene to recent, marked the continuous growth of the main niger delta. It was also observed that correlations built for other regions of the world do not yield accurate results when used for the niger delta region due to factors such as formation characteristics type of regression method, various sample collection conditions and so on. Sand production is a serious problem in niger delta wells, owing to its environmental impacts. Sequence stratigraphic framework of the paradisefield. Even with the growth of oilrevenues to the delta states now standing at % the region remains desperately poor, and it is the deepening material and political grievances. Conflict in the niger delta more than a local affair summary neither nigeria nor foreign donors are investing enough to end violent conflict in the niger delta. The niger delta is ranked among the major prolific deltaic hydrocarbon provinces in the world and is the most significant in the west african continental margin. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern nigerian states, which include.
The spdc standard has it that the base of afam clay formation, is the sequence boundary. In deep water, they favor delta slope and deep turbidite fans of the akata formation as source rocks. Foraminifera biostratigraphy and paleoenvironment of well. Case study of field x, niger delta kelechi azubuike ijomah1, beka f. It is of marine origin and composed of thick shale sequences which on. Oil and gas in the niger delta are primarily produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands mainly in the agbada formation. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin. Structural map of the top of akata formation and thickness isopach of. Mar 20, 2018 an amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. The niger delta is ranked among the worlds major hydrocarbon provinces in the world. The fundamental causative event for the origin of the niger delta basin was the breakup of the gondwana supercontinent. Assess the implication of the structural styles on the trapping mechanism and prospectivity of the study area. The akata formation at the base of the delta is of marine origin and is composed of thick shale sequence potential.
The niger delta terrain is dense and difficult, and it gives the rebels plenty of cover as henry kissinger once remarked about the vietcong during the vietnam war, the niger delta rebels are. Akata formation is part of the tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system located in the niger delta province, of nigeria at the gulf of guinea, atlantic. Resolving the structural complexities in the deepwater. While nigerian officials opt to buy shortterm ceasefires, such as the 2009 amnesty process, other governments spend too little in money and manpower to grow local civil. Evaluation of reservoirs petrophysical parameters, niger.
Geography of river deltas formation and importance. Geochemical investigation of potential source rocks for. An amnesty offered to militants in the niger delta in 2009 was intended to end fighting, oil theft and other disruption in the region. During the cenozoic, until the middle miocene, the niger delta grew through pulses of sedimentation over an oceanwarddipping continental basement into the gulf of guinea. The structures of the calculated patterns are analyzed in space and time and compared. Different delta types are reproduced by using different parameters and erosion rules. Relative study of internal gravel packing and chemical sand. The akata formation of marine deposits, whose lithology is predominantly dark grey shale with turbidite or slope canyon sediments, provides the most important source rocks in the niger delta basin, and its thickness is 2,000 m to 7,000 m doust and omatsola, 1990. The akata formation is the basal part or unit of the tertiary niger delta complex agbasi, et al 20. Akata formation is part of the tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system located in the niger delta province, of nigeria at the gulf of guinea, atlantic ocean the upper akata formation is cited to be a primary source rock, providing type iiiii kerogen, and a potential target in deep water offshore and possibly beneath currently producing intervals onshore. It marks the boundary between the benin and agbada formation.
Most of the petroleum is sourced from the akata formation, with smaller amounts generated from the mature shale beds in the lower agbada formation. For decades oil spills have been damaging the environment and devastating lives in this part of nigeria. Oil and gas in the niger delta are primarily produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands mainly in the. Upon production of sands with the formation fluids, a number of potentially dangerous and costly problems are created. It is the most important in the west african continental margin. Static reservoir modeling using well log and 3d seismic. A model to simulate the time evolution of river delta formation process is presented. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta geologos. Apr 10, 2019 formation of river deltas the formation of a river delta is a slow process. The benue trough had been formed as part of the widely distributed african rift population.
Outcropping units of the niger delta include the imo formation and the ameki. The niger delta started to evolve in early tertiary times when clastic river input increased doust and omatsola, 1989. Niger delta akataagbada petroleum system of9950h, chapter a. Relative study of internal gravel packing and chemical. Static reservoir modeling using well log and 3d seismic data.
In general, it has been observed that the upper part of the formation has a higher sandstone percentage than the lower part, suggesting progressive, seaward advancement of the niger delta through geological time. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the niger delta in. Age determination planktonic foraminifera are a microfossil. Certainly, the niger delta stands at the crossroads of contemporary nigerian politics. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele. The niger delta is situated in the gulf of guinea and extends throughout the niger delta province as defined by klett and others 1997.
These formations become progressively younger farther into the basin, recording the longterm progradation of depositional environments of the niger delta onto. Those hopes havent been realized, and the fragile peace is. Within the delta the river breaks up into an in nigeria. Source rock characterisation of agbada formation in well z, offshore, niger delta, nigeria article pdf available june 2015 with 2,309 reads how we measure reads. The benin formation, which is a loose fresh water bearing sand with occasional lignite the clay and going up to 2,286m deep with no pressures. The niger delta is situated in the gulf of guinea and extends throughout the niger delta province. Niger delta niger delta facts history of niger delta. Virtual soil science learning resources 5,098 views. The benin formation is the topmost lithostratigraphy and it is a continental deltaic sands. The chemicals solidify and help bind the sand grains. It is based on the continuity equation for water and sediment flow and a phenomenological sedimentationerosion law. Reservoir characterization in o field in the niger delta.
To predict sand production, the production data of the six wells were analysed. Pdf on may 12, 2018, eze onyinye and others published formation evaluation of x7 field in the niger delta. Agbada formation, biozone, biochronology, foraminifera, niger delta, priabonian, rupelian, northern depobelt. Structural and stratigraphic mapping of delta field, agbada. The benue trough had been formed as part of the widely distributed african rift population which originated some 140 million years ago burke, 1996. The primary source rock is the upper akata formation, the marineshale facies of the delta, with possibly contribution from interbedded marine shale of the. Agbada and akata formations likely have disseminated source rock levels, but the bulk will be in the agbada formation.
Generally the delta prograded over the subsidizing continentaloceanic lithospheric transition zone, and during the oligocene spread onto oceanic crust of the gulf of guinea adesida et al. Structural interpretation of seismic data from an xy field. The company name changed to the national africa company which in 1886 was granted a royal charter equivalent of incorporation at the time authorizing the company to administer the niger delta and the country on the banks of the benue and niger rivers. Foraminiferal biozonation and biochronology of priabonian. The basin is deformed by large synsedimentaty faults, roll. Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. The niger delta petroleum system usgs publications repository. The benin formation is characterized by high sand percentage 70100% and forms the top layer of the niger delta depositional sequence. The need to determine hydrocarbon saturation is one of the core reasons for petrophysical evaluation, which is critical in determining the development decisions and economic thresholds of a given hydrocarbon field. Rocks within the petroleum system are from paleocene to recent in age.
Pdf source rock characterisation of agbada formation in. Apr 30, 2009 the niger delta started to evolve in early tertiary times when clastic river input increased doust and omatsola, 1989. The niger delta province contains only one identified petroleum system. Pdf formation evaluation of x7 field in the niger delta. The history of the formation of the tertiary niger delta akataagbada petroleum system is summarized in the events chart. The niger delta is the delta of the niger river sitting directly on the gulf of guinea on the atlantic ocean in nigeria. Details of the geology of the niger delta has been discussed by several authors.
From the eocene to the present, the delta has prograded southwest ward, forming depobelts that. Oil and gas in the niger delta are principally produced from sandstones and unconsolidated sands predominantly in the agbada formation. The stratigraphy of the tertiary niger delta is divided into three formations, representing. A new threefold lithostratigraphic subdivision is introduced for the niger delta subsurface, comprising an upper sandy benin formation, an intervening unit of alternating sandstone and shale named the agbada formation, and a lower shaly akata formation. The niger delta, which stretches for nearly 150 miles 240 km from north to south and spreads along the coast for about 200 miles 320 km, extends over an area of 14,000 square miles 36,000 square km. Petrophysical evaluation of uzek well using well log and. Shell and eni, two of the biggest corporations working in the niger delta, say that most oil spills are caused by sabotage and. The structures of the calculated patterns are analyzed in space and time and compared with real data. The benin formation, which is a loose fresh water bearing sand with occasional lignite the. An estimate of oil window in nigeria niger delta basin from.
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